Rapid maxillary expansion and its consequences on the nasal and oropharyngeal anatomy and breathing function of children and adolescents: An umbrella review.

OBJECTIVE: To identify, qualify, and summarize the evidence from different systematic reviews about the outcomes of Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) on upper airway dimensions and breathing function in young patients. METHODS: A literature search (from 2000 to December 2022) was conducted through PubMed (MEDLINE), the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Dentistry & Oral Science Source. The authors conducted the following umbrella review phases: research question, study selection criteria (systematic reviews involving randomized clinical trials and longitudinal observational designs), data extraction, and critical appraisal (bias risk assessment) of selected articles through the ROBIS tool. RESULTS: The initial search yielded 65 potential references. After screening titles and summaries, and the elimination of duplicated publications, 15 articles were eligible for the evaluation of the full-text document. Finally, 11 systematic reviews (5 combined with meta-analysis) were selected, reporting 132 single studies; 38 of them were unrepeatable. Risk-of-bias assessment showed an average global moderate/high quality among the included studies. There was high heterogeneity between the systematic reviews' (and meta-analyses') methodologies used. CONCLUSIONS: The present umbrella review concludes that significant and stable increases in the nasal and oropharyngeal space volumes and a decrease in airway resistance of growing children and adolescents, occur immediately after RME and at 3, 6- and 12-months follow-up.

Clinical Management of Intra-Pulp Canal Broken Endodontic Files in Primary Teeth: Literature Review / Manejo clínico de las limas endodónticas fracturadas dentro del conducto pulpar en dientes primarios: Revisión de la literatura

ABSTRACT: Fracture of an endodontic file inside a primary root canal is a rare but critical complication during the pulpectomy treatment, because the mechanical obstruction impedes the optimal cleaning and obturation of the pulp canal, compromising seriously the clinical outcome. This accidental event is mainly associated with over-use and excessive torque of intracanal files. Most clinicians opt to proceed with the extraction of the affected tooth followed by a space maintainer placement. Other practitioners attempt the non-surgical retrieval of the separated fragment through available proven techniques in permanent teeth; however, these methods may involve significant damage to the tooth and surround tissues. On the other hand, preservation of the metallic fragment might affect the treatment prognosis and interfere with the physiological root resorption.

RESUMEN: La fractura de una lima endodóntica dentro de un conducto radicular primario es una complicación rara aunque critica durante el tratamiento de pulpectomía, debido a que la obstrucción mecánica impide la limpieza y obturación óptimas del conducto pulpar, comprometiendo seriamente el resultado clínico. Este evento accidental está principalmente asociado con el sobreuso y torque excesivo de las limas dentro del conducto. La mayoría de los clínicos optan por realizar la extracción del diente afectado, seguido por la colocación de un mantenedor de espacio. Otros practicantes intentan la remoción no quirúrgica del fragmento separado a través de técnicas disponibles probadas en dientes permanentes; sin embargo, estos métodos pueden causar daños significativos al diente y tejidos circundantes. Por otra parte, la preservación del fragmento metálico puede afectar el pronóstico del tratamiento e interferir con el proceso de reabsorción radicular fisiológico.

Lesion Sterilization Tissue Repair (LSTR) Approach Of Non-Vital Primary Molars With A Chloramphenicol-Tetracycline-ZOE Antibiotic Paste: A Scoping Review.

The study aimed to perform a systematic scoping review with the need of exploring the actual clinical applications of the chloramphenicol-tetracycline-ZOE antibiotic paste (CTZ) as a lesion sterilization tissue repair (LSTR) therapy agent. Following a scoping framework suggested by Arksey and O'Malley, relevant articles (randomized controlled trials, literature reviews, observational studies, in vitro studies, and clinical case-series reports) published over the last 15 years (in English, Spanish, or Portuguese languages) were identified and retrieved from five internet databases: PubMed, Embase/Ovid, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and EBSCO. By title and abstract screening and after removing duplicates, 11 articles were finally included in the present scoping review: five randomized/non-randomized clinical trials, five in vitro studies, and one case-series report. According to the collected information, there were no differences between CTZ paste and conventional pulpectomy, antibiotic pastes, and intracanal filling materials, considering the clinical, radiographic, antimicrobial activity, and periapical tissue biocompatibility outcomes. CTZ has shown excellent rates of clinical success and good radiographic results, with adequate antimicrobial effects; however, its biocompatibility has been put into doubt. Contemporary pediatric dentists should carefully consider the CTZ paste as an alternative endodontic approach for pulpally involved primary molars, with the advantages of being simple and fast, and taking into account the limitations of instrumental pulpectomy such as the microbiological and morphological complexity of primary root canals.

Pediatric Dental Management of an Uncommon Case of Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IV A (Morquio A Syndrome): A Case Report of a Three-Year Follow-Up.

Mucopolysaccharidosis type IV A or Morquio syndrome is an uncommon inherited metabolic condition caused by the deficient intralysosomal storage of glycosaminoglycans. Diagnosis is typically based on clinical examination, skeletal radiographs, and histochemical tests in blood cells or fibroblasts. It is characterized by evident skeletal deformities, poor joint mobility, severe growth deficit, occlusal anomalies, and enamel defects. The aim of the present clinical case report is to describe the general oral management provided to a 6-year-old female patient and its corresponding evolution for more than three years.

Evaluación radiográfica de la presencia/agenesia de terceros molares en una población infantil Mexicana / Radiographic Evaluation of the Presence/Agenesis of Third Molars in a Mexican Child Population

RESUMEN En el ser humano, el tercer molar es el órgano dentario que más variaciones presenta durante su desarrollo embriológico, y es causa de diversas alteraciones y malestares durante su proceso de erupción. Se ha señalado que la agenesia del tercer molar tiene una prevalencia entre 9 y 37%. El objetivo del presente estudio transversal comparativo fue evaluar radiográficamente la presencia/ausencia de gérmenes de terceros molares (G3M) en pacientes pediátricos de origen mexicano. Se analizaron 513 radiografías panorámicas de pacientes que asistieron al Posgrado en Estomatología Pediátrica de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (México), durante los años 2011 a 2017. Se tomaron como criterios de inclusión, pacientes entre los 7 y 18 años de edad, sexo indistinto; se excluyeron pacientes con antecedentes de extracción de alguno de los terceros molares, tratamiento ortodóntico previo, enfermedades congénitas y/o síndromes asociados. Se compararon las frecuencias y prevalencias de agenesia de terceros molares, en total y por cuadrantes, comparando por sexo y grupo de edad. 245 radiografías panorámicas correspondieron al sexo femenino y 268 al masculino. La prevalencia total de agenesia del G3M fue estimada en casi 56%, y el grupo de edad de 7-8 años mostró el mayor porcentaje; sin embargo, cuando este grupo de edad se excluyó del análisis, dicha prevalencia disminuyó a 27.3%. Los cuadrantes mandibulares mostraron mayor porcentaje de agenesia. No hubo diferencia estadística significativa en la comparación por sexo. La prevalencia total de agenesia del G3M reportada en el presente estudio se encuentra muy por encima de los parámetros internacionales. Es muy posible que la falta de visualización radiográfica de agenesia de los terceros molares haya sido errónea en algunos casos debido a la ausencia frecuente de indicios de calcificación de este diente durante las edades tempranas (7-8 años). El análisis ajustado proporcionó un valor de prevalencia más acorde con los estándares reconocidos por la literatura dental.

ABSTRACT In the human being, third molar is the tooth that exhibits more variants during its embryologic development, usually causing diverse anomalies and discomfort when erupting to the oral cavity. It has been pointed out that the prevalence of third molar agenesis is between 9 to 37%. The aim of the present comparative cross- sectional study was to radiographically assess the presence/absence of third molar germs (G3M) in a sample of pediatric patients of Mexican origin. A total of 513 panoramic radiographs were analyzed from patients attending the Pediatric Dentistry Postgraduate Program ( San Luis Potosí University, México), during the years 2011 to 2017. Inclusion criteria were patients between 7 and 18 years old, any gender; children with antecedents of a third molar extraction, previous orthodontic treatment, or with an associated congenital or systemic condition were excluded. Total prevalence G3M agenesis was calculated. Then, statistical comparisons of agenesia proportions per dental quadrant, gender, and age group were performed. 245 panoramic radiographs corresponded to the female gender, while 268 belonged to the male gender. The total prevalence of G3M agenesia was estimated in nearly 56%, and the 7-8 years old group exhibited the highest proportion; however, when this age group was excluded from the analysis, such prevalence decreased to 27.3%. Both mandibular quadrants showed higher proportions of G3M agenesia. There were no significant differences between genders. The total prevalence reported in the present study was found to be well above regarding the international parameters. It is quite possible that lack of radiographic visualization of G3M had been inaccurate in some cases due to the common absence of calcification traces from those teeth during early ages (7-8 years old). The adjusted analysis provided a prevalence value more in line with the recognized standards in the dental literature.

Improvement in Oral Health and Compliance in a Child with Congenital Hypothyroidism. Case Report / Progreso del cuidado oral y el comportamiento en un niño con hipotiroidismo congénito. Reporte de caso

ABSTRACT Congenital hypothyroidism is a metabolic disorder that requires special health care interventions. It has influence in overall growth and oral conditions in pediatric patients, and also can affect child cooperation during dental treatment because this metabolic condition is the most common preventable cause of mental retardation. The aim of this paper is to report the dental treatment of a child with congenital hypothyroidism who is four years and five months old, with many facial and oral characteristics of the metabolic condition, including severe early childhood caries and malocclusion. At first, it was observed a lack of cooperation of the patient with speech and learning impairment, but with the help of the Pedagogy team at the Pediatric Dental Clinic Playroom, he developed confidence and diminished anxiety every appointment. We present the follow-up during 15 months, where we could observe favorable outcomes in oral health and compliance of the child.

RESUMEN El hipotiroidismo congénito es una alteración metabólica que representa una necesidad especial en salud. Tiene influencia en el crecimiento general y las condiciones orales de los pacientes pediátricos, así como también puede afectar en el grado de cooperación del niño durante la consulta porque esta condición metabólica es la causa prevenible más común de retraso mental. El propósito de este artículo es reportar el tratamiento odontológico de un niño con hipotiroidismo congénito de cuatro años y cinco meses de edad, con varias características de la condición metabólica, incluyendo caries de la infancia temprana severa y maloclusión. Al principio se observó una falta de cooperación por parte del paciente, con dificultades para el habla y el aprendizaje, pero con la ayuda del equipo pedagógico de la Sala Lúdica, el niño desarrolló confianza con disminución de la ansiedad en cada cita. Presentamos un seguimiento a lo largo de 15 meses, donde hemos observado resultados favorables en la salud oral y en el comportamiento del paciente.

Correlación entre la edad cronológica y dental con los estadios de maduración vertebral en pacientes de 5 a 15 años / Correlation between the chronological and dental age with the vertebral maturation stages in patients from 5 to 15 years old

El uso de un método rápido y efectivo para la estimación de la maduración esquelética de los pacientes pediátricos es fundamental para la aplicación oportuna de tratamientos ortopédicos/ortodónticos. En Odontología Pediátrica, la toma de una radiografía panorámica, como método diagnóstico de rutina, puede servir para estimar con precisión el estadio de maduración en estos pacientes, mediante el cálculo de la edad dental. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la correlación entre las edades cronológica y dental con los estadios de maduración esquelética de las vértebras cervicales, a través del método estadístico no paramétrico con Rho de Spearman. Se utilizó un diseño observacional, transversal y analítico. La muestra consistió en 516 expedientes de pacientes entre los 5 y 15 años de edad, sistémicamente sanos, con radiografías panorámica y lateral de cráneo, tomadas en la misma fecha. Se determinó la edad cronológica de cada paciente según su historia clínica. Se realizó el cálculo de la edad dental de cada paciente con el método de Demirjian, y se determinó el estadio de maduración de vértebras cervicales con el método de Lamparski. Se determinó una correlación de 72 % entre la edad cronológica y la maduración ósea vertebral; una correlación del 66 % entre la edad dental y la maduración ósea, y una correlación del 86 % entre la edad cronológica y la dental. De acuerdo con estos resultados, tanto la edad cronológica y dental presentan una alta correlación con la edad de maduración vertebral. Se concluye así que la edad dental y cronológica son indicadores apropiados para estimar el estadio de maduración esquelética de los pacientes pediátricos.

The use of fast and effective methods for estimating the skeletal maturity for pediatric patients, is fundamental for the opportune application of orthopedic/orthodontic treatments. In pediatric dentistry, the panoramic radiography as a routine diagnostic method, can be used to estimate the stage of maturation in these patients, through the calculation of dental age. The aim of the present study is to determine the correlation between the chronological and dental ages, with the cervical vertebrae stages of skeletal maturity, through the non-parametric Spearman statistical method. An observational, transversal, and analytical design was employed. The sample consisted of 516 records from patients between 5 and 15 years of age, systemically healthy, with panoramic and lateral skull radiographs taken on the same date. The chronological age of each patient was determined according to the clinical history. Dental age of each patient was calculated with the Demirjian approach, and the stage of maturation of cervical vertebrae was determined by means of the Lamparski method. The results showed a correlation of 72 % between chronological age and bone maturation, a correlation of 66 % between dental age and bone maturation, and a correlation of 86 % between chronological and dental age. It is concluded that both chronological and dental age exhibit a high correlation with the correspondent stage of vertebral maturity. Thus, dental and chronological age are appropriate indicators to estimate, with high precision the stage of skeletal maturation in pediatric patients.

Early identification of permanent maxillary canine impaction: A radiographic comparative study in a Mexican population.

BACKGROUND: Opportune diagnosis, prediction, and interceptive treatment of permanent maxillary canine (PMC) impaction is fundamental for pediatric dentists and orthodontists. In children and young adolescents, diagnostic information obtained from a panoramic radiograph is valuable for the overview and prediction of a potential PMC ectopic eruption into the oral cavity. The aim of the present study was to calculate and compare the prevalence of impaction of PMC in a Mexican pediatric sample (7 to 13 years old), through the use of the Ericson & Kurol (EK/L) and the Power & Short (PS) measurement analyses performed on panoramic radiographs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This investigation was a cross-sectional study performed on 515 panoramic radiographs, which were evaluated to assess the intraosseous position of right and left PMC, from patients who had attended our clinic between 2010 and 2017. Both analytical methods were applied on the same radiography. Outcomes from both analysis methods were expressed dichotomously (impacted or non-impacted). Thus, prevalence was calculated from each method, and the difference between them was verified through the Pearson's Chi-square test. RESULTS: No statistical difference could be detected between both prevalence rates (p = 0.475). It was found a significant predilection of the condition to the female sex (p = 0.034). Further, the two radiographic methods employed here were highly concordant each other (kappa = 0.92). CONCLUSIONS: Through the EK/L method a PMC prevalence of 5.64% (95% CI = 3.66, 7.62) was obtained, while the PS Method the prevalence was 8.83% (95% CI = 6.38, 11.28). In addition, a significant predilection of canine impaction to the female gender was found. Key words:Maxillary canine impaction, prevalence, radiographic analyses.

Prevalencia de Bruxismo y Trastornos Temporomandibulares Asociados en una Población de Escolares de San Luis Potosí, México / Prevalence of Bruxism and Associated Temporomandibular Disorders in a Population of School Children of San Luis Potosí, México

RESUMEN: El término "Transtornos Temporomandibulares" (TTM) incluye numerosos problemas clínicos asociados con las articulaciones temporomandibulares, músculos de la masticación y otras estructuras asociadas. El bruxismo, un hábito oral parafuncional, consiste en rechinar o apretar de manera rítmica e involuntaria los dientes, lo que puede conducir a trauma oclusal y problemas articulares. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la frecuencia y prevalencia de signos y síntomas de TTM y bruxismo en niños escolares de 6 a 12 años, en una población de San Luis Potosí, México. Se empleó un diseño transversal descriptivo en una muestra de 314 participantes, estudiantes de una escuela primaria de la ciudad de San Luis Potosí, México. Los participantes fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente en forma estratificada y polietápica. La muestra total consistió en 153 femeninos y 161 masculinos. Los signos y síntomas de TTM más frecuentes fueron la alteración de la función de la ATM (35 %), seguido por los ruidos y chasquido articulares (29,2 %). En los sujetos con diagnóstico de bruxismo, la alteración más frecuente fueron molestias asociadas en la ATM (19,4 %), dolor de cabeza (17,8 %) y atrición dental (16,5 %).

ABSTRACT: The term "Temporomandibular disorders" (TTM) includes numerous clinical problems associated with joint temporomandibular, muscles of mastication and other associated structures. Bruxism, oral parafunctional habit, consists of grinding or clenching of involuntary, rhythmic manner, which can lead to trauma, occlusal and problems joint. The objective of the study was to determine the frequency and prevalence of signs and symptoms of DTM and bruxism in school children aged 6 to 12, in a population of San Luis Potosí, México. A crosssectional descriptive design was used in a sample of 314 participants, students of a primary school in the city of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. The participants were randomly selected in tiered form and conglomerated. The total sample consisted of 153 female and male 161. The signs and symptoms of TMD frequent were alteration of the function of the ATM (35 %), followed by noise and snap joint (29.2 %). In subjects with a diagnosis of bruxism, the most frequent alteration was associated with TMJ discomfort (19.4 %), headache (17.8 %) and dental attrition (16.5 %).

Quick correction of a skeletal class III maloclussion in primary dentition with face mask plus rapid maxillary expansion therapy / Corrección rápida de una maloclusión esquelética clase III en dentición primaria con máscara facial más terapia rápida de expansión maxilar

Abstract Skeletal Class III is a malocclusion characterized by anterior crossbite as a result of an abnormal skeletal maxillary and mandibular base discrepancy, which involves disharmony of craneofacial skeleton and profile. The preferred management for children having skeletal Class III malocclusion with retruded maxilla and/or prognathic mandible is the use of devices that encourage the growth and anterior movement of the maxilla bone and/or restrict the exessive mandible growth. The orthopedic treatment consisting of a face mask with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) produces the most dramatic results in the shortest period of time. The purpose of this article is to review a quick correction of skeletal class III maloclussion in the primary dentition through a case example with use of a face mask plus rapid maxillary expansion therapy in a 5 year-old male patient due to a combination of retruded maxilla and protruded mandible, in primary dentition, who was treated with a Petit face mask in conjunction with a bonded RME intraoral appliance added with bite blocks. The first evident occlusal outcomes were a clockwise rotation of the mandible, a positive overjet of 3 mm, a correct overbite, a canine Class I relationship, and a bilateral flush terminal plane. After discussing the present clinical case report and the related published literature, we concluded that skeletal class III malocclusions should be treated as soon as the first clinical signs of abnormal craniofacial growth are recognized, during the first years of life.

Resumen La clase III esquelética es una maloclusión caracterizada por mordida cruzada anterior como resultado de una discrepancia esquelética de la base maxilar y mandibular, que implica desarmonía craneofacial y del perfil. El tratamiento de elección para niños con maloclusión clase III esquelética con mandíbula maxilar y/o prognática es el uso de dispositivos que estimulan el crecimiento y el movimiento anterior del hueso maxilar y/o restringen el crecimiento excesivo de la mandíbula. El tratamiento ortopédico que consiste en una máscara facial con expansión maxilar rápida (EMR) produce resultados en un período de tiempo más corto. El propósito de este artículo es revisar una corrección rápida de la maloclusión de clase III esquelética en la dentición primaria mediante el uso de una máscara facial más terapia de expansión maxilar rápida en un paciente masculino de 5 años debido a una combinación de maxilar retruido y mandíbula prominente, en dentición primaria, que fue tratada con una mascarilla Petit junto con un dispositivo intraoral unido con bloques de mordida. Los primeros resultados evidentes fueron una rotación en sentido horario de la mandíbula, un overjet positivo de 3 mm, una sobremordida correcta, una relación canina de Clase I y un plano terminal de descarga bilateral. Después de discutir el presente informe de caso clínico y la literatura publicada relacionada, concluimos que las maloclusiones de clase III esqueléticas deberían tratarse tan pronto como se reconozcan los primeros signos clínicos de crecimiento craneofacial anormal, durante los primeros años de vida.

Non-syndromic craniosynostosis in children: Scoping review

BACKGROUND: Craniosynostosis (CS) is a complex condition consisting of the early fusion of one or more cranial sutures in the intrauterine stage. The affected infant exhibits abnormal head shape at time of birth or shortly thereafter. It can be observed in normal individuals (non-syndromic CS or NSCS) or as a part of a multisystem syndrome. The purposes of the present article were to carry out a scoping review on Non-Syndromic CS and to discuss the most important findings retrieved. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The steps of this scoping review were as follows: first, to pose a research question; second, to identify relevant studies to answer the research question; third, to select and retrieve the studies; fourth, to chart the critical data, and finally, to collate, summarize, and report the results from the most important articles. Relevant articles published over a 20-year period were identified and retrieved from five Internet databases: PubMed; EMBASE; Cochrane Library; Google Scholar, and EBSCO. RESULTS: Fourteen articles were finally included in the present scoping review. The following four most important clinical issues are discussed: (I) normal cranial development, clinical manifestations, and pathogenesis of NCSC; (II) clinical evaluation of NCSC; (III) treatment and post-surgical follow-up; and (IV) additional considerations. CONCLUSIONS: NSCS may be present with associated head shapes. Multiple early surgical reconstructive options are currently available for the disorder. Pediatric Dentistry practitioners must be familiarized with this condition and form part of a multi-approach health team as those responsible for the opportune oral health care of the affected child

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Dental approach for Apert syndrome in children: A systematic review

Background: Apert Syndrome (AS), or type I acrocephalosyndactyly, is a rare, congenital craniosynostosis condition resulting from missense mutations in the gene encoding fibroblast growth factor receptor 2. It is characterized by three specific clinical features: brachycephalic skull; midface hypoplasia, and limb abnormalities (syndactyly of hands and feet). The disorder exhibits variable presentations in bones, brain, skin, internal organs, and in the oral/ maxillofacial region. The aim of the present paper was to show the main results from a systematic review of AS. Material and Methods: A search of the literature was performed from April to June 2016 in five electronic databases. Clinical interventional or observational studies, reviews, and case reports were included. The present systematic review was carried out strictly following PRISMA and Cochrane Collaboration criteria. Results: A total of 129 potential references were identified. After reviewing titles and abstracts, 77 of these did not meet the desired criteria and were discarded. The full text of the remaining 52 manuscripts was critically screened. Finally, 35 relevant papers were identified for inclusion in the present systematic review and classified according to topic type. Conclusions: According to the information gathered, dentistry practitioners must be able to supply an early diagnosis through the recognition of AS clinical features and provide correct oral management. Additionally, they should be integrated in a multidisciplinary medical care team in order to improve the quality of life of the affected patients (AU)

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Dental management of pediatric patients affected by pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect: A scoping review

Background: Congenital Heart Diseases (CHD) involves a wide range of pathological conditions, such as Pulmonary Atresia with Ventricle Septal Defect (PA/VSD). This disorder leads to the systemic circulation of oxygenpoor blood (cyanosis), with associated features and consequences in the oral cavity. Material and Methods: Using scoping review methodology for screening and article selection, the primary objectives of this paper were as follows: first, to pose a research question; second, to identify relevant studies in order to answer the research question; third, to select and retrieve the studies; fourth, to chart the critical data, and finally, to collate, summarize, and report the results from the most important articles on the dental management of children affected with PA/VSD. Relevant articles (Randomized Controlled Trials [RCT], reviews, observational studies, and clinical case reports) published over a 10-year period were identified and retrieved from four Internet databases: PubMed; Embase/Ovid; Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Results: By title and abstract screening and after removing duplicates, 24 articles were finally included in the present scoping review. According to the extracted data, the following are the most important clinical issues to be considered when treating children with PA/VSD in the dental setting: prevalence of dental caries; prevention of dental disease (oral hygiene and diet); bacteremia and infective endocarditis risk, and child behavior control and treatment under general anesthesia. Conclusions: Pediatric Dentists should bear in mind that early diagnosis and treatment, together a long-term followup of children with PA/VSD, continue to be the best approaches for achieving enhanced patient psychological wellbeing and, in consequence, their good quality of life (AU)

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Manejo estomatológico pediátrico de la hipomelanosis de ito. reporte de un caso / Dental management hypomelanosis of ito. case report

La hipomelanosis de Ito (incontinencia pigmentante acromática o nevo sistmico acrómico) es una enfermedad dermatolgica o sindrome neurocutáneo de ocurrencia rara, que consiste en la presencia de manchas dérmicas hipopigmentadas en varias partes del cuerpo, además de múltiples manifestaciones extracutáneas, principalmente del sistema nerviosocentral (posible retraso mental de diferentes grados), musculo-esqueléticas y oculares. También ha sido asociada con diversas anomalías dentales, como son la hipodoncia y el talón cuspídeo palatino. El propósito del presente artículo es reportar el manejo estomatológico proporcionado a una niña de 2 años y 7 meses de edad con hipomelanosis de Ito, en la clínica del Posgrado en Estomatolog¡a Pediátrica, de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosi.

Hypomelanosis of Ito (incontinence pigmenting achromic or systemic achromic nevus) is a dermatological disease or neurocutaneous syndrome rare occurrence, with incidence of dermal hypopigmented spots in many parts of the body, and several extracutaneous manifestations, primarily central nervous system (possible mental retardation of variable degrees), optical and musculoskeletal. It has also been associated with various dental anomalies such as hypodontia and the palatal cusp heel. The purpose of this paper is to report dental management provided a girl of 2 years and 7 months old with Hypomelanosis of Ito, at the clinic of Pediatric Dentistry of the Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi.

Manejo estomatológico de un paciente con Síndrome de Di-George. Reporte de un caso / Management of patient with DiGeorge Sindrome. A case report

El Síndrome de DiGeorge pertenece a un grupo de los trastornos más comunes que ocurren de la deleción del cromosoma 22, región q11, caracterizado principalmente por la ausencia de timo y paratiroides de forma congénita. Este síndrome se asocia a trastornos cardiacos, del timo, paratiroides, craneofaciales, del desarrollo neurológico y manifestaciones conductuales. También se han reportado alteraciones en la mineralización del esmalte, que pueden estar relacionadas al hipoparatiroidismo e hipocalcemia. El objetivo de este reporte dé caso es describir las características del síndrome así como su manejo estomatológico restaurativo y preventivo...

DiGeorge syndrome belongs to a group of the most common disorders that occur from the deletion of chromosome 22, region q 11, characterized principally by the lack of thymus and parathyroid congenitally. This condition is associated with heart diseases, craniofacial defects, neurodevelopmental and interactive manifestations. Have also informed changes in enamel mineralization, which may be associated to hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia. The purpose of this case report is to describe the features of the syndrome and its dental care restorative and preventive...

Comparison of three conscious sedation regimens for pediatric dental patients.

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical success of three conscious sedation regimens for pediatric dental patients. A clinical trial was performed wherein dental treatment was administered to pediatric patients ASA I and II under conscious sedation.. Fifty-four children were divided into three groups of 18 patients each, randomly assigned Group A received hydroxyzine (2 mg/kg 2 h before treatment and a subsequent dose of 1 mg/kg 20 min before treatment) orally; group B received 0.50 mg/kg midazolam mixed with 1.5 mg/kg hydroxyzine 20 min before treatment orally; group C received chloral hydrate, 50 mg/kg mixed with 1.5 mg/kg hydroxyzine 20 min before treatment orally. The Ohio State Behavioral Rating Scale (OSBRS) showed statistically significant differences between groups B and C with respect to group A. The regimens of midazolam or chloral hydrate mixed with hydroxyzine represent excellent choices for conscious sedation regimens for pediatric dental patients.